This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Spence, AD, Busby, J, Murchie, P, Kunzmann, AT, McMenamin, ÚC, Coleman, HG, Johnston, BT, O'Rorke, MA, Murray, LJ, Iversen, L, Lee, AJ & Cardwell, CR 2018, 'Medications that relax the lower oesophageal sphincter and risk of oesophageal cancer: An analysis of two independent population-based databases' International Journal of Cancer, vol 143, no. 1, pp. 22-31 , which has been published in final form at DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31293. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.