This is the peer reviewed version of the following article:Johnston, M. (2016), What more can we learn from early learning theory? The contemporary relevance for behaviour change interventions. British Journal of Health Psychology, 21: 1–10. which has been published in final form at doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12165, This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.