Chu, ChengjinLutz, James AKamil, KrálVrska, TomasYin, XueMyers, Jonathan AAbiem, IverenAlonso, AlfonsoBourg, NormBurslem, David F R PCao, MinChapman, HazelCondit, RichardFang, SuqinFischer, Gunter AGao, LianmingHao, ZhanqingHau, Billy C.H.He, QingHector, AndrewHubbell, Stephen PJiang, MingxiJin, GuangzeKenfack, DavidLai, JiangshanLi, BuhangLi, XiankunLiu, YuLuo, YahuangMa, KepingMcShea, WilliamMemiaghe, Herve R.Mi, XiangchengNi, MingO'Brien, Michael Jde Oliveira, Alexandre AOrwig, David AParker, Geoffrey GQiao, XiujuanRen, HaibaoReynolds, GlenSang, WeiguoShen, GuochunSu, ZhiyaoSui, XinghuaSun, I-FangTian, SongyanWang, BinWang, XihuaWang, XugaoWang, YoushiWeiblen, GeorgeWen, ShujunXi, NianxunXiang, WushengXu, HanXu, KunYe, WanhuiZhang, BingweiZhang, JiaxinZhang, XiaotongZhang, YingmingZhu, Kai ZhuZimmerman, JessStorch, DavidBaltzer, Jennifer LAnderson-Teixeira, Kristina JMittelbach, Gary G.He, Fangliang2019-12-122019-12-122019-02Chu, C, Lutz, J A, Kamil, K, Vrska, T, Yin, X, Myers, J A, Abiem, I, Alonso, A, Bourg, N, Burslem, D F R P, Cao, M, Chapman, H, Condit, R, Fang, S, Fischer, G A, Gao, L, Hao, Z, Hau, B C H, He, Q, Hector, A, Hubbell, S P, Jiang, M, Jin, G, Kenfack, D, Lai, J, Li, B, Li, X, Liu, Y, Luo, Y, Ma, K, McShea, W, Memiaghe, H R, Mi, X, Ni, M, O'Brien, M J, de Oliveira, A A, Orwig, D A, Parker, G G, Qiao, X, Ren, H, Reynolds, G, Sang, W, Shen, G, Su, Z, Sui, X, Sun, I-F, Tian, S, Wang, B, Wang, X, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Weiblen, G, Wen, S, Xi, N, Xiang, W, Xu, H, Xu, K, Ye, W, Zhang, B, Zhang, J, Zhang, X, Zhang, Y, Zhu, K Z, Zimmerman, J, Storch, D, Baltzer, J L, Anderson-Teixeira, K J, Mittelbach, G G & He, F 2019, 'Direct and indirect effects of climate on richness drive the latitudinal diversity gradient in forest trees', Ecology Letters, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 245-255. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.131751461-023XMendeley: 05b067cc-817b-3fad-b3a3-54963c7bababORCID: /0000-0001-6033-0990/work/68492912https://hdl.handle.net/2164/13376Data accessibility statement: Full census data are available upon reasonable request from the ForestGEO data portal, http://ctfs.si.edu/datarequest/ We thank Margie Mayfield, three anonymous reviewers and Jacob Weiner for constructive comments on the manuscript. This study was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC0506100), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31622014 and 31570426), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (17lgzd24) to CC. XW was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB3103). DS was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (grant no. 16-26369S). Yves Rosseel provided us valuable suggestions on using the lavaan package conducting SEM analyses. Funding and citation information for each forest plot is available in the Supplementary Information Text 1.11744663engclimate tolerance hypothesisCTFS-ForestGEOlatitudinal diversity gradientmore-individuals hypothesisspecies-energy relationship,structural equation modelingspecies-energy relationshipClimate tolerance hypothesisstructural equation modellingQH301 BiologyEcology, Evolution, Behavior and SystematicsQH301Journal article10.1111/ele.13175http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85058378107&partnerID=8YFLogxKhttp://www.mendeley.com/research/direct-indirect-effects-climate-richness-drive-latitudinal-diversity-gradient-forest-trees-1222