Hróbjartsson, AsbjornBoutron, IsabelleHopewell, SallyMoher, DavidSchulz, Kenneth F.Collins, Gary S.Tunn, RuthAggarwal, RakeshBerkwits, MichaelBerlin, Jesse A.Bhandari, NitaButcher, Nancy J.Campbell, Marion K.Chidebe, Runcie C.W.Elbourne, Diana R.Farmer, Andrew J.Fergusson, Dean A.Golub, Robert M.Goodman, Steven N.Hoffmann, Tammy C.Ioannidis, John P.A.Kahan, Brennan C.Knowles, Rachel L.Lamb, Sarah E.Lewis, SteffLoder, ElizabethOffringa, MartinRavaud, PhilippeRichards, Dawn P.Rockhold, Frank W.Schriger, David L.Siegfried, Nandi L.Staniszewska, SophieTaylor, Rod S.Thabane, LehanaTorgerson, David J.Vohra, SunitaWhite, Ian R.Chan, An Wen2025-08-252025-08-252025-04-28Hróbjartsson, A, Boutron, I, Hopewell, S, Moher, D, Schulz, K F, Collins, G S, Tunn, R, Aggarwal, R, Berkwits, M, Berlin, J A, Bhandari, N, Butcher, N J, Campbell, M K, Chidebe, R C W, Elbourne, D R, Farmer, A J, Fergusson, D A, Golub, R M, Goodman, S N, Hoffmann, T C, Ioannidis, J P A, Kahan, B C, Knowles, R L, Lamb, S E, Lewis, S, Loder, E, Offringa, M, Ravaud, P, Richards, D P, Rockhold, F W, Schriger, D L, Siegfried, N L, Staniszewska, S, Taylor, R S, Thabane, L, Torgerson, D J, Vohra, S, White, I R & Chan, A W 2025, 'SPIRIT 2025 explanation and elaboration : Updated guideline for protocols of randomised trials', BMJ, vol. 389, e081660. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2024-0816600959-8146ORCID: /0000-0001-5386-4097/work/190475067https://hdl.handle.net/2164/25904We dedicate SPIRIT 2025 to the late Doug Altman who was instrumental in the development of the SPIRIT and CONSORT statements and whose files and correspondence contributed to this update after his death. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of all those who participated in the SPIRIT-CONSORT 2025 update Delphi survey. We also acknowledge Camilla Hansen Nejstgaard for conducting the scoping review to identify suggested changes to SPIRIT 2013 and for comparing SPIRIT 2025 with the risk of bias tool, RoB2, Lasse Østengaard for developing the SCEB (SPIRIT-CONSORT Evidence Bibliographic) database of empirical evidence to support the development of SPIRIT 2025 and for assisting with handling references, Lina Ghosn for supporting the drafting of the expanded checklist, and Jen de Bayer and Patricia Logullo for their involvement during the consensus meeting.65975638engR MedicineGeneral MedicineRJournal article10.1136/bmj-2024-081660http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105004333164&partnerID=8YFLogxK389