Pearce, Elena AMazier, FlorenceNormand, SigneFyfe, RalphAndrieu, ValérieBakels, CorrieBalwierz, ZofiaBińka, KrzysztofBoreham, SteveBorisova, Olga KBrostrom, Annade Beaulieu, Jacques-LouisGao, CunhaiGonzález-Sampériz, PenélopeGranoszewski, WojciechHrynowiecka, AnnaKołaczek, PiotrKuneš, PetrMagri, DonatellaMalkiewicz, MałgorzataMighall, TimMilner, Alice MMöller, PerNita, MałgorzataNoryśkiewicz, BożenaPidek, Irena AgnieszkaReille, MauriceRobertsson, Ann-MarieSalonen, J SakariSchläfli, PatrickSchokker, JeroenScussolini, PaoloŠeirienė, VaidaStrahl, JaquelineUrban, BrigitteWinter, HannaSvenning, Jens-Christian2023-11-142023-11-142023-11-10Pearce, E A, Mazier, F, Normand, S, Fyfe, R, Andrieu, V, Bakels, C, Balwierz, Z, Bińka, K, Boreham, S, Borisova, O K, Brostrom, A, de Beaulieu, J-L, Gao, C, González-Sampériz, P, Granoszewski, W, Hrynowiecka, A, Kołaczek, P, Kuneš, P, Magri, D, Malkiewicz, M, Mighall, T, Milner, A M, Möller, P, Nita, M, Noryśkiewicz, B, Pidek, I A, Reille, M, Robertsson, A-M, Salonen, J S, Schläfli, P, Schokker, J, Scussolini, P, Šeirienė, V, Strahl, J, Urban, B, Winter, H & Svenning, J-C 2023, 'Substantial light woodland and open vegetation characterized the temperate forest biome before Homo sapiens', Science Advances, vol. 9, no. 45, eadi9135, pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adi91352375-2548PubMedCentral: PMC10637746ORCID: /0000-0002-8365-7694/work/147569166https://hdl.handle.net/2164/22196Acknowledgments We thank D. Karger for assisting with the bias correction and downscaling of the Last Interglacial climate data based on the CHELSA V2 dataset. We also thank P. Gibbard for help and support during data collection. We are thankful to A. Blach Overgaard for help in harmonizing the pollen taxa. We thank C. Tzedakis for thorough and helpful feedback regarding this manuscript. We thank A. Pearcy Buitenwerf for helpful comments on the manuscript. Last, we thank C. Davison for the valuable discussions and assistance throughout this project. Funding: This work was supported by the project TERRANOVA, the European Landscape Learning Initiative, which received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 813904. The output reflects only the views of the authors, and the European Union cannot be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. J.-C.S. also considers this work to contribute to his VILLUM Investigator project “Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World” funded by VILLUM FONDEN (grant 16549), the Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) funded by the Danish National Research Foundation (grant DNRF173), and his Independent Research Fund Denmark: Natural Sciences project MegaComplexity (grant 0135-00225B). This work was also supported by SustainScapes - Center for Sustainable Landscapes under Global Change (NOVO grant NNF20OC0059595).151546745engSubstantive connection via eligible employment contractHumansEcosystemForestsBiodiversityPollenWoodTreesG Geography. Anthropology. RecreationGE Environmental SciencesEuropean Commission813904Supplementary DataGGEJournal article10.1126/sciadv.adi9135945