Davis, Sharon E.Ssemaganda, HenryKoola, Jejo D.Mao, JialinWesterman, DaxSperoff, TheodoreGovindarajulu, Usha S.Ramsay, Craig R.Sedrakyan, ArtOhno-Machado, LucilaResnic, Frederic S.Matheny, Michael E.2023-07-192023-07-192023-04-11Davis, S E, Ssemaganda, H, Koola, J D, Mao, J, Westerman, D, Speroff, T, Govindarajulu, U S, Ramsay, C R, Sedrakyan, A, Ohno-Machado, L, Resnic, F S & Matheny, M E 2023, 'Simulating complex patient populations with hierarchical learning effects to support methods development for post-market surveillance', BMC Medical Research Methodology, vol. 23, no. 1, 89. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-023-01913-91471-2288ORCID: /0000-0003-4043-7349/work/139624715https://hdl.handle.net/2164/21257Funding Information: This work was funded by a grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI; grant number 1R01HL149948). The funding agency was not involved in the design of the study, collection and analysis of data, interpretation of results, or writing of the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © 2023, The Author(s).2471220engHierarchical learning effectsLearning effectsMedical devicesPost-market safety surveillanceSimulationsSynthetic clinical dataR MedicineEpidemiologyHealth InformaticsRJournal article10.1186/s12874-023-01913-9http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85152301649&partnerID=8YFLogxK231