Odom, Karan J.Salas, Macelo ArayaBenedict, LaurynLim, KristiDale, JamesWebb, Wesley H.Sheard, CatherineTobias, Joseph A.Ball, Gregory F.Hall, Michelle L.Langmore, Naomi E.Webster, Michael S.Riebel, Katharina2025-07-312025-07-312025-07-21Odom, K J, Salas, M A, Benedict, L, Lim, K, Dale, J, Webb, W H, Sheard, C, Tobias, J A, Ball, G F, Hall, M L, Langmore, N E, Webster, M S & Riebel, K 2025, 'Global incidence of female birdsong is predicted by territoriality and biparental care in songbirds', Nature Communications, vol. 16, 6157. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60810-52041-1723ORCID: /0000-0002-8259-1275/work/189192911https://hdl.handle.net/2164/25790We thank Kevin Omland, Jordan Price, Eliot Miller, Conor Taff, Gavin Leighton, Russell Ligon, Irby Lovette, Victoria Austin, Anastasia Dalziell, Carel ten Cate, Hans Slabekoorn, and Judith Varkevisser for feedback and useful discussions that contributed to the design of this project. We thank Jillian Ditner and the Bartels Science Illustration Program at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology for figure illustration.112215343engSexual selectionBehavioural ecologyQL ZoologySupplementary DataDASLinkQLJournal article10.1038/s41467-025-60810-516