Isaksson, NatalieScott, BethHunt, GeorginaBenninghaus, Ella-SophiaDeclerck, Morgane Marie-EvaGormley, KateHarris, CaitlinSjostrand, SandraTrifonova, NedaWaggitt, James J.Wihsgott, JulianeWilliams, , Charlotte A.JZampollo, AriannaWilliamson, Benjamin2024-05-162024-05-162025-03Isaksson, N, Scott, B, Hunt, G, Benninghaus, E-S, Declerck, M M-E, Gormley, K, Harris, C, Sjostrand, S, Trifonova, N, Waggitt, J J, Wihsgott, J, Williams, , C A J, Zampollo, A & Williamson, B 2025, 'A paradigm for understanding whole ecosystem effects of offshore wind farms in shelf seas', ICES Journal of Marine Science, vol. 82, no. 3, fsad194. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsad1941054-3139ORCID: /0000-0001-5412-3952/work/162251586https://hdl.handle.net/2164/23477We would like to thank Emma Ahart, David Bould, Constance Schéré, Marie Toulon, and Inne Withouck for comments on drafts. Also thanks to three anonymous reviewers and Howard Browman for constructive review.122919807engSDG 7 - Affordable and Clean EnergySDG 13 - Climate ActionSDG 14 - Life Below Watermarine renewable energybio-physical indicatorspredator-prey interactionsscalingmultitrophicautonomous platformsdynamic Bayesian network modellingcumulative impact assessmentQH301 BiologyGE Environmental SciencesNatural Environment Research Council (NERC)NE/X008835/1NE/X008770/1NE/S007342/1Supplementary DataDASQH301GEJournal article10.1093/icesjms/fsad194https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsae044823