Jones, GarethRotariu, OvidiuMacDonald, RossMichelsen, BrigitteGlintborg, Bentevan der Horst-Bruinsma, Irene EGudbjornsson, BjornGeirsson, Arni JonRelas, HeikkiMacfarlane, GaryZávada, JakubPavelka, KarelRotar, ZigaTomšič, MatijaNissen, Michael JCiurea, AdrianCodreanu, CatalinWallman, Johan KKristianslund, Eirik KlamiHorskjær Rasmussen, SimonMidtbøll Ørnbjerg, LykkeSantos, Maria JoséØstergaard, MikkelHetland, Merete LundMacfarlane, Gary2025-09-092025Jones, G, Rotariu, O, MacDonald, R, Michelsen, B, Glintborg, B, van der Horst-Bruinsma, I E, Gudbjornsson, B, Geirsson, A J, Relas, H, Macfarlane, G, Závada, J, Pavelka, K, Rotar, Z, Tomšič, M, Nissen, M J, Ciurea, A, Codreanu, C, Wallman, J K, Kristianslund, E K, Horskjær Rasmussen, S, Midtbøll Ørnbjerg, L, Santos, M J, Østergaard, M, Hetland, M L & Macfarlane, G 2025, 'The relationship between lifestyle factors and outcome of treatment with TNFα inhibitors in axial spondyloarthritis : results from 14 European countries', BMC Rheumatology, vol. 9, 88. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41927-025-00529-42520-1026ORCID: /0000-0003-2322-3314/work/191925980ORCID: /0000-0003-0016-7591/work/191926163https://hdl.handle.net/2164/25970We acknowledge Novartis Pharma AG, UCB Biopharma SRL and IQVIA for supporting the EuroSpA collaboration. Novartis had no influence on the data collection, statistical analyses, manuscript preparation or decision to submit. We would also like to thank Dr Linda Dean for assistance in initial analysis and interpretation of the data.141581023engSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingaxial spondylarthritislifestylesmokingalcoholbody mass indexR MedicineRJournal article10.1186/s41927-025-00529-49