Vallès, XavierStenseth, Nils ChrDemeure, ChristianHorby, PeterMead, Paul S.Cabanillas, OswaldoRatsitorahina, MaheryRajerison, MinoarisoaAndrianaivoarimanana, VoahangyRamasindrazana, BezaPizarro-Cerda, JavierScholz, Holger C.Girod, RomainJoseph Hinnebusch, B.Vigan-Womas, InesFontanet, ArnaudWagner, David M.Telfer, SandraYazdanpanah, YazdanTortosa, PabloCarrara, GuiaDeuve, JaneBelmain, Steven R.D’ortenzio, EricBaril, Laurence2020-10-082020-10-082020-08-27Vallès, X, Stenseth, N C, Demeure, C, Horby, P, Mead, P S, Cabanillas, O, Ratsitorahina, M, Rajerison, M, Andrianaivoarimanana, V, Ramasindrazana, B, Pizarro-Cerda, J, Scholz, H C, Girod, R, Joseph Hinnebusch, B, Vigan-Womas, I, Fontanet, A, Wagner, D M, Telfer, S, Yazdanpanah, Y, Tortosa, P, Carrara, G, Deuve, J, Belmain, S R, D’ortenzio, E & Baril, L 2020, 'Human plague : An old scourge that needs new answers', PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, vol. 14, no. 8, e0008251. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.00082511935-2727ORCID: /0000-0002-9596-0711/work/166225437https://hdl.handle.net/2164/15210Funding: The workshop meeting where the contents of this article were developed was hosted by the Institut Pasteur (Paris, France) with financial and organizational support from the Department of International Affairs, the Emerging Disease Epidemiology Unit, the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit and REACTing-Inserm. Oswaldo Cabanillas’s travel was financed by the Department of International Affairs at the Institut Pasteur (Paris, France). Travel costs for Laurence Baril and Maherisoa Ratsitorahina were financially supported by USAID (Grant n° AID-687-G-13-00003), and for Voahangy Andrianaivoarimanan and Minoarisoa Rajerison by Northern Arizona University (through HDTRA1-11-16-BRCWMD-BAA). Attendance of Steven Belmain was supported by the African Union (Grant AURGII/1/006/2016). Travel and accommodation for Feno Rakotoarimanana, and accommodation for Romain Girod, Beza Ramasindrazana, Voahangy Andrianaivoarimanana, and Minoarisoa Rajerison, were financially supported by the Wellcome Trust/UK Department for International Development (Grant 211309/Z/18/Z) and REACTing-Inserm. All other participants financially supported travel and accommodation through their own institutional funding. The preparation and editing of the manuscript was financially supported by Wellcome Trust/UK Department for International Development (Grant 211309/Z/18/Z).221341717engSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingAnimalsDisease Outbreaks/prevention & controlDisease Reservoirs/microbiologyHumansInsect VectorsMadagascar/epidemiologyNeglected Diseases/epidemiologyPlague/epidemiologyRodentiaSiphonapteraYersinia pestisUNITED-STATESPOPULATIONSFLEA-BORNE TRANSMISSIONMADAGASCAREVOLUTIONYERSINIA-PESTISWEST NILE REGIONOUTBREAKPRIMARY PNEUMONIC PLAGUERATTUS-RATTUSRA Public aspects of medicinePublic Health, Environmental and Occupational HealthInfectious DiseasesWellcome Trust211309/Z/18/ZRAJournal article10.1371/journal.pntd.0008251http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85090000025&partnerID=8YFLogxK148