Hootnick, David R.Vargesson, NeilHorton, Jason A.Chomiak, Jiri2025-04-152025-04-152025-04Hootnick, D R, Vargesson, N, Horton, J A & Chomiak, J 2025, 'Embryonic Vascular Dysgenesis : The Origin of Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency', Birth Defects Research, vol. 117, no. 4, e2465. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.24652472-1727ORCID: /0000-0001-8027-114X/work/182641200https://hdl.handle.net/2164/25310This article is dedicated to the memory of our dear friends and colleagues Russell J. Crider, M.D., and David S. Packard Ph.D. We thank Lewis Holmes M.D., Drew Noden Ph.D., and Joseph Sanger, Ph.D. for their sage advice. Amy Slutsky Ph.D. continues to provide remarkable and indispensable library science skills. E. Mark Levinsohn M.D. remains a loyal comrade, who rendered the retained primitive arteries intelligible. Thanks also to John Birch M.D. and G. Ulrich Exner M.D. for their radiographic and clinical contributions.196553413engcongenitally shortened lower limbs (CSL)dystrophismsfemoral, fibular and midline metatarsal deficiencies (FFM)limb differencesphocomeliaproximal femoral focal deficiency (PFFD)thalidomidevascular patterningRJ PediatricsSupplementary DataDASRJJournal article10.1002/bdr2.24651174