Lamb, JohnTee, Kai-Hong2025-09-252025-07-22Lamb, J & Tee, K-H 2025, 'Data envelopment analysis with shrinkage estimators', OR Spectrum. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00291-025-00828-91436-6304ORCID: /0000-0002-5849-7772/work/193047119https://hdl.handle.net/2164/26089Open Access via the Springer Nature agreement We would like to thank the anonymous referees for more than usually helpful comments.263551308engdata envelopment analysisshrinkage estimatorsestimation riskexpected shortfallHD61 Risk ManagementHD61Journal article10.1007/s00291-025-00828-9