Willis, AndrewShiely, FrancesHowie, AlisonTreweek, ShaunTaljaard, MonicaLoudon, KirstyMurphy, EllenBhakoo, AarianYazdani, YasamanWard, FrankJaniaud, PerrineHaren, AndreaYining Liang, AileenRobinson, ClaireDeng, DaisyHemkens, LarsO'Sullivan Greene, EvelynSlattery, LauraZwarenstein, Merrick2025-09-252025-11Willis, A, Shiely, F, Howie, A, Treweek, S, Taljaard, M, Loudon, K, Murphy, E, Bhakoo, A, Yazdani, Y, Ward, F, Janiaud, P, Haren, A, Yining Liang, A, Robinson, C, Deng, D, Hemkens, L, O'Sullivan Greene, E, Slattery, L & Zwarenstein, M 2025, 'Retrospective use of the Pragmatic-Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary-2 trial design tool to assess design choices in randomized controlled trials : an empirical review', Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, vol. 187, 111959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2025.1119590895-4356ORCID: /0000-0002-7239-7241/work/191927069https://hdl.handle.net/2164/26088We would like to thank Dr Robbie Sparks for their contribution in scoring trials for this review. Dr Kirsty Loudon developed the PRECIS-2 tool as part of a DPhil.11746849engrandomized controlled trialtrial designexternal validitytrial intentionapplicabilitypragmatic trialexplanatory trialR MedicineSupplementary DataDASRJournal article10.1016/j.jclinepi.2025.111959187